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2002 Arne Mellnas, composer, studied, taught orchestration at Royal College of Music in Stockholm, musical language filled with diverse moods

2002 Jean Berger, composer, pianist, professor, studied at Heidelberg, Vienna universities, dies at 91

1997 Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator, influential theorist of critical pedagogy, educator, author, studied philosophy, phe, nomenology, psychology of language, embraced a non-orthodox form of liberation theology, wrote 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed', dies from heart failure

1997 Bohumil Hrabal, Czechoslovakian writer, storyteller, wrote hyper-realist texts, studied at Charles Univerisity in Prague, known for novels titled Closely Watched Trains and I Served the King of England, dies at 82

1995 Lynette Roberts, poet, studied at London's Central School for Arts and Crafts, dies at 86

1995 Jorge Peixinho, pianist, conductor, composer, studied with Pierre Boulez, founder, Lisbon Contemporary Music Group, dies in Lisbon, Portugal

1994 Arthur Berry, playwright, artist, teacher, poet, studied, then taught at Burslem School of Art, absorbed by Stoke-on-Trent College of Art, which in 1971 became North Staffordshire Polytechnic, where he taught painting until 1985, dies at 69

1992 Boris Arapov, composer, studied with Vladimir Shcherbachov at Leningrad Conservatory, taught at Leningrad Conservatory, received honor Peoples Artist of the USSR in 1976 and Order of Lenin honor in 1986

1989 Conrad Beck, composer, studied with Jacques Ibert, head of Radio Basel music department for 30 years, dies at 88

1988 Arwel Hughes, composer, choral and orchestral music conductor, composer, organist, studied with Ralph Vaughan Williams at Royal College of Music, known for large-scale oratorios Saint David and Pantycelyn, dies at 79

1986 John Antill, studied under Alfred Hill, played in NSW State Orchestra, dies at 82

1982 Randy Rhoads, rocker, guitarist, songwriter, producer, studied classical guitar, member of Quiet Riot, played with Ozzy Ozbourne, dies in an air crash at 25

1981 Bill Hopkins, British composer, music critic, teacher, pianist, studied at Oxford University with Egon Wellesz and Edmund Rubbra, taught at Birmingham University and University of Newcastle upon Tyne

1976 Akio Yashiro, Japanese composer, studied under Kunihiko Hashimoto, Leonid Kreutzer, String Quartet composition won the Eighth Mainichi Music prize in 1957, dies at 46

1971 Midori, born in Osaka, Japan, violinist, prodigy, studied at Julliard, plays the 1734 Buarnerius del Gesu violin

1969 Harry Emerson Fosdick, Baptist clergyman, studied at Colgate University, opposed racism, injustice, supported appeasement of Hitler, claimed democracies caused the rise of fascism, wrote "A Guide to Understanding the Bible', died in Bronxville, New York

1964 Mary Howe, composer, pianist, studied with Nadia Boulanger, famous works include 'Chain Gang Song', 'Sand, Stars, Rock', dies at 82

1963 Jet Li, born in Beijing, China, Li Lianjie, Chinese martial artist, actor, international film star, appeared in Lethal Weapon 4, with Jackie Chan in The Forbidden Kingdom, Wushu champion, studied Changquan, among other arts

1958 Leo Blech, studied with Engelbert Humperdinck, German opera composer, dies at 87

1958 Werner Schwab, born in Austria, writer, playwright, visual artist, studied sculpture at Vienna's Akademie der bildenden Kunste in 1990, wrote sixteen plays, produced eight, controversial works in the Austrian Black comedy tradition

1957 Steve Buscemi, born in Brooklyn, New York, actor, studied at Lee Strasberg Institute, known for role of Carl Showalter in 'Fargo', Mr. Pink in 'Reservoir Dogs', cast member of 'The Sopranos'

1956 Randy Rhoads, born in Santa Monica, California, rocker, guitarist, songwriter, producer, studied classical guitar, member of Quiet Riot, played with Ozzy Ozbourne

1953 Carl Joseph Stone, born in America, composer, electronic music genre, minimalist, studied composition at California Institute of the Arts, served as President of the American Music Center

1952 Hans Abrahamsen, born in Copenhagen, Denmark, composer, musician, played French horn, studied at Royal Danish Academy of Music, compositions employ New Simplicity style

1951 Ned Sublette, born in Lubbock, Texas, composer, musician, musicologist, producer, guitarist, studied classical guitar with Emilio Pujol, composition with Kenneth Gaburo, Cuban music scholar, known for mixing country-western, afro-Caribbean salsa, cumbia, rumba music styles

1951 Paul Dresher, born in Los Angeles, California, Paul Joseph Dresher, composer, drummer, minimalist and post-minimalist genres, studied at University of California, Berkeley, 2006 Guggenheim fellowship recipient

1948 Nigel Osborne, born in Manchester, England, composer, studied with Egon Wellesz, Kenneth Leighton, music professor, University of Edinburgh

1946 Janice Giteck, born in Hicksville, New York, composer, influenced by world music, American Indian music, studied with Olivier Messiaen

1945 Ian White, born in South Bristol, United Kingdom, studied law, Member of the European Parliament in Wandsdyke

1944 Paul Lansky, born in New York, composer, electronic music, computer music language pioneer, studied with George Perle and Milton Babbitt, professor of music at Princeton University

1944 Christoph Hein, born in Bad Duben, Germany, writer, prize-winning author, translator, studied philosophy, wrote 1982 novella The Distant Lover

1943 Roger Smalley, born in Manchester, England, composer, pianist, conductor, studied with Alexander Goehr, specialty, improvisation, live electronics

1943 Bill Hopkins, born in Prestbury, Cheshire, England, British composer, music critic, teacher, pianist, studied at Oxford University with Egon Wellesz and Edmund Rubbra, taught at Birmingham University and University of Newcastle upon Tyne

1943 Zoltan Jeney, born in Szolnok, Hungary, composer, minimalist style, studied with Ferenc Farkas in Budapest, Goffredo Petrassi, in Rome

1942 Robert C. Solomon, born in Michigan, philosophy professor, studied Hegel, Nietzsche, Sartre, philosophy of emotions

1942 Charles Dodge, born in Ames, Iowa, composer, electronic music, computer music genres, studied with Gunther Schuller, Darius Milhaud

1940 David C. Johnson, born in Batavia, New York, composer, flutist, studied with Nadia Boulanger, performed live-electronic music

1940 Jorge Peixinho, born in Montijo, Portugal, pianist, conductor, composer, studied with Pierre Boulez, founder, Lisbon Contemporary Music Group

1939 Heinz Holliger, born in Langenthal, Switzerland, studied with Pierre Boulez, composer, world's most famous oboe player

1939 Leo Brouwer, born in Havana, Cuba, Juan Leovigildo Brouwer Mezquida, composer, conductor, guitarist, studied under Vincent Persichetti, Stefan Wolpe, composed solo guitar pieces, over 40 film scores, and several guitar concertos

1938 Richard Stoker, born in Britain, composer, writer, guitarist, fellow, Royal Academy of Music, studied under Nadia Boulanger in Paris

1937 Olly Wilson, born in St. Louis, Missouri, composer, double bassist, musicologist, contemporary classical music, preeminent African American composer, studied with Robert Wykes, earned PhD from University of Iowa

1936 Michel Decoust, born in Paris, France, composer, conductor, studied with Pierre Boulez, teacher, founder, Pantin Conservatoire Municipal de Musique

1936 Wolf Biermann, born in Hamburg, Germany, singer, songwriter, former East German dissident, wrote folk music, political ballads, studied political economics at Humboldt University of Berlin

1936 Gerard Masson, born in Paris, France, composer, studied in Cologne with Kalheinz Stockhausen

1936 Daniel Goode, born in America, composer, clarinetist, studied with Henry Cowell, influenced by Indonesian gamelan music, bird song, Cape Breton fiddling, minimal music, member, Gamelan Son of Lion, Director, Electronic Music Studio, Rutgers University

1935 Bruno Canino, born in Naples, Italy, composer, pianist, chamber musician, accompanist, studied with Vincenzo Vitale, and in Milan with Bruno Bettinelli, music director of Biennale di Venezia, recordings include Bach Goldberg Variations

1935 Lubos Fiser, born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, composer, wrote soundtracks, chamber music, studied at AMU, Prague Conservatory

1935 Aulis Sallinen, born in Finland, composer, contemporary classical music, studied with Joonas Kokkonen, works commissioned by Kronos Quartet

1934 Larry Sitsky, born in Tianjin, China, pianist, Australian composer, educator, musicologist, studied with Winifred Burston, awarded Centenary Medal, 2000

1934 Jane Goodall, born in London, England, ethologist, studied African chimps

1933 Arne Mellnas, born in Stockholm, Sweden, composer, studied, taught orchestration at Royal College of Music in Stockholm, musical language filled with diverse moods

1932 Igor Stuhec, born in Slovenia, composer, studied under Hanns Jelinek at Vienna Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, wrote orchestral works applying textural techniques, and two operas

1932 Al Levitt, born in New York City, New York, drummer, American jazz artist, studied under Irv Kuger, played in Europe with Peter Ind, Slide Hampton, Chet Baker, Wayne Marsh, James Moody

1932 Hugh Wood, born in Parbold, England, composer, studied with William Lloyd Webber, Anthony Milner, Iain Hamilton, works include Symphony and Violin Concerto

1932 Francois Bayle, born in Taomasina, Madagascar, composer, Musique concrete, acousmatic music, studied with Pierre Schaeffer, Karlheinz Stockhausen

1932 Karl Kroeger, born in Louisville, Kentucky, composer, studied with Claude Almand, head, American Music Collection, New York Public Library

1932 Henri Lazarof, born in Sofia, Bulgaria, composer, studied with Paul Ben-Haim, teacher, UCLA, known for Tableaux, written for piano and orchestra

1931 Raoul Pleskow, born in Vienna, Austria, composer, studied with Otto Luenig, served on music faculty at C.W. Post College, Long Island University

1931 Martin Boykan, composer, professor, studied at Harvard, Yale, awarded Fulbright Fellowship, Guggenheim Fellowship, studied with Edward Steuermann, Aaron Copeland

1930 Toma Prosev, born in Macedonia, composer, professor, studied with Nadia Boulanger in Paris, and professor L.M. Skerjanc at Ljubljana Music Academy

1930 Nicolas Christopher Henry Browne-Wilkinson, born in England, life peer as Baron Browne-Wilkinson, studied at Lancing College and Magdalen College, Oxford, former head of the Privy Council and Vice-Chancellor of the High Court

1929 Akio Yashiro, born in Tokyo, Japanese composer, studied under Kunihiko Hashimoto, Leonid Kreutzer, String Quartet composition won the Eighth Mainichi Music prize in 1957

1927 Oskar Pastior, born in Sibiu, Romania, poet, writer, translator, studied German at University of Bucharest, translated Romanian literature into German, among other works by Tudor Arghezi, Tristan Tzara, Gellu Naum, Urmuz

1927 Boris Porena, born in Rome, Italy, Italian composer, didactical expert, studied under Goffredo Petrassi, influenced by neoclassical poetics, wrote texts about music including Musica-Societa which includes social and political analysis

1926 Betsy Jolas, born in Paris, France, composer, studied at the Conservatoire national superieur de Musique, wrote vocal music, works recorded on EMI, Erato, performed by London Sinfonietta

1926 Anatol Vieru, born in Romania, composer, music theoretician, studied with Aram Khachaturian, wrote symphonies, string quartets, concertos, chamber music, leading Romanian composer of the 20th century

1925 Warren G. Bennis, born in New York City, New York, scholar, author, Leadership Studies pioneer, studied group behavior at MIT, prompting interest in the then-nonexistent field of leadership, published 'Revisionist Theory of Leadership', 1961, stating that humanistic, democratic-style leaders can best manage change in the leadership environment

1925 Arthur Berry, born in Smallthorne, Stoke-on-Trent, England, playwright, artist, teacher, poet, studied, then taught at Burslem School of Art, absorbed by Stoke-on-Trent College of Art, which in 1971 became North Staffordshire Polytechnic, where he taught painting until 1985

1924 Ikuma Dan, born in Tokyo, Japan, composer, graduated from Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, studied under famous opera composer Kosaku Yamada

1923 Dika Newlin, born in Portland, Oregon, composer, child prodigy, began composing music at age 7, completed high school at 12, studied with Schoenberg at University of California at Los Angeles

1922 Ilja Hurnik, born in Poruba, Czechoslovakia, composer, essayist, studied at Prague Conservatory, Prague Academy of Arts, recorded 'sonata da camera', for flute, oboe, cello and harpsichord on Cedille Records

1922 Leo Kraft, born in Brooklyn, New York, composer, author, educator, recorded on CRI label, studied composition with Karol Rathaus, Randall Thompson, Nadio Boulander

1922 Carl Amery, born in Munich, Germany, writer, used pen name Christian Anton Mayer, studied at University of Munich, participant in Gruppe 47, a post-World War II literary association

1921 Joan Dickson, born in England, cellist, professor at Royal College of Music in London, studied with Enrico Mainardi in Paris, performed with Joyce Rathbone

1921 Paulo Freire, born in Recife, Brazil, Brazilian educator, influential theorist of critical pedagogy, educator, author, studied philosophy, phenomenology, psychology of language, embraced a non-orthodox form of liberation theology, wrote 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed'

1921 Andre Hodeir, born in Paris, France, violinist, composer, studied at the Conservatoire de Paris, founder and director of Jazz Groupe de Paris, comprised of nine musicians including Bobby Jaspar and Nat Peck

1920 Earl Kim, born in Dinuba, California, Korean-American composer, professor at Princeton and Harvard, studied with Roger Sessions, Arnold Schoenberg, Ernest Bloch

1917 Els Aarne, born in Ukraine, Estonian composer, pianist, composed chamber music for violoncello and double bass, wrote two symphonies, studied with composer Heino Eller

1916 Helmut Eder, born in Linz, Austria, composer, studied and later taught at the Linz Conservatory, conducted the Singakademie, founded electronic music studio in Linz in 1959

1916 Yehudi Menuhin, born in New York City, New York, Lord Menuhin, Baron Menuhin, violinist, conductor, writer, studied under George Enescu, Louis Persinger, Adolf Busch

1915 Jan Hanus, born in Czechoslovakia, composer, music expressed anti-Nazi, anti-Fascist, anti-Communist sentiments, studied with Otakar Jeremias a the Prague Conservatory

1914 Bohumil Hrabal, born in Brno-Zidenice, Moravia, Czechoslovakian writer, storyteller, wrote hyper-realist texts, studied at Charles Univerisity in Prague, known for novels titled Closely Watched Trains and I Served the King of England

1913 Gyula David, born in Hungary, composer, violinist, conductor, studied at the Liszt academy, conducted for the National Theatre 1945 - 1949, wrote folk song music and 12 tone serial music

1912 Konrad Bloch, Germany, biochemist, studied cholesterol-Nobel 1964

1910 Ulrich Becher, born in Germany, writer, author, playwright, studied law in Berlin, novella series condemned by Nazi party, burned in book-burning fire, received Lifetime Achievement Award from Swiss Schiller Foundation

1909 Jean Berger, born in Hamm, Germany, composer, pianist, professor, studied at Heidelberg, Vienna universities, studied with Paris' Louis Aubert, taught at Middlebury College, University of Colorado at Boulder, among others

1909 Arwel Hughes, born in Wales, composer, choral and orchestral music conductor, composer, organist, studied with Ralph Vaughan Williams at Royal College of Music, known for large-scale oratorios Saint David and Pantycelyn

1909 Lynette Roberts, born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Evelyn Beatrice Roberts, poet, studied at London's Central School for Arts and Crafts, Faber and Faber published works, 'Poems', 'Gods with stainless ears; a heroic poem'

1909 Alfred Uhl, born in Austria, composer, professor, studied at Vienna Music Academy with Franz Schmidt, vibrant style combined neo-classicism, atonality, serialism, works include concerto for clarinet and orchestra

1908 Bengt Stromgren, Goteborg Sweden, astrophysicist, studied gas cloud

1907 Gene Gutche, born in Berlin, Germany, Romeo Maximillian Eugene Ludwig Gutsche, composer, studied business, economics, piano with Ferruccio Busoni, wrote neo-Romantic work, experimented with polytonality, microtones, serialism

1905 Boris Arapov, born in Poltava, Ukraine, composer, studied with Vladimir Shcherbachov at Leningrad Conservatory, taught at Leningrad Conservatory, received honor Peoples Artist of the USSR in 1976 and Order of Lenin honor in 1986

1905 Jef Maes, born in Antwerp, Belgium, composer, lecturer, worked for the Knokke orchestra, studied with Albert van de Vijver, Karel Candaeil, and Napoleon Distelmans

1904 Paul Arma, born in Budapest, born Weisshaus Imre, pianist, composer, ethnomusicologist, studied under Bela Bartok, piano soloist with Radio Paris

1904 John Antill, born in Sydney, Australia, composer, studied under Alfred Hill, played in NSW State Orchestra, Sydney Symphony, famous for ballet suite Corroboree

1903 Andre Fleury, born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, composer, organist, studied organ at the Paris Conservatory under Eugene Gigout, appointed professor of organ at Ecole Normale de Musique in Paris

1903 Axel Theorell, Sweden, biochemist, studied enzymes, Nobel 1955

1902 Jeno Takacs, born in Cinfalva, Hungary, composer, studied with Joseph Marx, Paul Weigarten, professor of piano, composition at University of Manila in the Philippines, gave concerts in China, Japan, Hong Kong

1901 Conrad Beck, born in Lohn, Switzerland, composer, studied with Jacques Ibert, head of Radio Basel music department for 30 years, composed concertos, symphonies, oratorio, elegy, instrumental, vocal music, and one ballet

1900 David Wynne, born in Penderyn, Wales, composer, studied at University of Wales, Cardiff, University of Bristol, Head of Music, Lewis School Pengam, professor of composition, Cardiff College of Music and Drama

1900 Evald Aav, born in Talinn, Estonia, composer, studied music with Artur Kapp, composed Estonian opera Vikerlased (The Vikings), modeled after Tchaikovsky's composition style

1892 Louis Victor de Broglie, physicist, studied electrons

1885 Harlow Shapley, U.S., astronomer, studied the galaxies

1882 Mary Howe, born in Richmond, Virginia, composer, pianist, studied with Nadia Boulanger, famous works include 'Chain Gang Song', 'Sand, Stars, Rock'

1878 Harry Emerson Fosdick, born in Buffalo, New York, Baptist clergyman, studied at Colgate University, opposed racism, injustice, supported appeasement of Hitler, claimed democracies caused the rise of fascism, wrote "A Guide to Understanding the Bible'

1871 Leo Blech, born in Aachen, Rhenish Prussia, studied with Engelbert Humperdinck, German opera composer

1871 Howard T Ricketts, U.S. pathologist, studied typhus fever

1870 Jean Perrin, France, physicist, studied Brownian motion, Nobel 1926

1850 J C Arthur, Lowville, New York, botanist, studied rusts

1823 Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, painter, studied in Italy and painted for wealthy Parisians in Paris, influenced by Romanticism and Neoclassicism dies

1787 Joseph von Fraunhofer, born in Germany, physicist, studied Sun's spectrum

1785 William Beaumont, surgeon, studied digestion

1758 Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, born in France, painter, studied in Italy and painted for wealthy Parisians in Paris, influenced by Romanticism and Neoclassicism


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