| January 3 | Martin Luther excommunicated by Roman Catholic Church |
| March 6 | Magellan discovers Guam |
| March 16 | Magelhaes' fleet discovers Zamal (Samar) |
| March 16 | Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reaches Philippines |
| March 17 | Ferdinand Magellan discovers the Philippines |
| March 17 | Magelhaes lands on Homohon |
| March 31 | Magelhaes takes possession of Homohon, Archipelago of St. Lazarus |
| April 7 | Inquisitor-general Adrian Boeyens bans Lutheran books |
| April 7 | Magelhaes' fleet reaches Cebu |
| April 16 | Martin Luther arrives at Diet of Worms |
| April 18 | Parliament of Worms: Cardinal Alexander questions Maarten Luther |
| April 21 | Battle at Villalar: Emperor Charles I beats Communards |
| April 22 | French king Francois I declares war on Spain |
| April 28 | Treaty of Worms: Emperor Charles names his brother Ferdinand Arch duke of Netherlands-Austria |
| May 20 | Ignatius Loyola seriously wounded by a cannon ball |
| May 28 | Pope Leo X signs treaty with German emperor Charles V |
| July 25 | About 300 heretics burned in Vrijdagmarkt Gent |
| August 13 | Spanish conquerors Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) from Aztecs |
| August 28 | Turkish sultan Suleiman I's troops occupy Belgrade |
| September 28 | Turkish sultan Suleiman I's troops occupy Belgrade |
| September 29 | Turkish troops occupy Belgrade |
| October 11 | Pope Leo X titles King Henry VIII of England "Defender of the Faith" |
| October 25 | Emperor Charles V bans wooden buildings in Amsterdam |
| November 19 | Battle at Milan: Emperor Karel V's/pontifical/Spanish/German troops beat France and occupy Milan |
| November 20 | Arabs attribute shortage of water in Jerusalem to Jews making wine |