| January 14 | Charles V and Francis I sign Treaty of Madrid |
| January 14 | Francis I forced to give up claims in Burgundy, Italy and Flanders |
| February 8 | Heavy storm strikes Dutch coast, many die |
| February 27 | Saxony and Hesse form League of Gotha (league of Protestant princes) |
| March 10 | Emperor Charles V marries princess Isabella of Portugal |
| March 17 | French king Francois I freed from Spain |
| March 26 | King Francois I returns Spanish captivity to France |
| April 21 | Battle at Panipat: Mogol Emperor Babur beats sultan Ibrahim Lodi |
| April 27 | Mogol King Babur beats sultan of Delhi |
| May 2 | German evangelical monarchy joins Schmalkaldische League |
| May 22 | Pope Clemens VII, France, Genoa, Venice, Florence and Milan form Anti-French League of Cognac |
| June 1 | Parliament of Spiers: Lutheran monarchy freed of their belief |
| August 29 | Hungary conquered by Turks in Battle of Mohacs |
| November 9 | Jews are expelled from Pressburg Hungary by Maria of Hapsburg |
| November 10 | John I Zapolyai of Transsylvania chosen as king of Hungary |
| December 17 | Ferdinand of Austria chosen as King of Bohemia |
| December 17 | Pope Clemens VII publishes degree Cum ad zero - forms Inquisition |
