| January 1 | Holland Brigade under Brigadier General Chasse reaches Madrid |
| January 5 | Treaty of Dardanelles concluded between Britain and France |
| January 12 | British take Cayenne (French Guiana) from French (until 1814) |
| January 20 | 1st U.S. geology book published by William Maclure |
| February 1 | Dutch King Louis Napoleon accepts metric system |
| February 3 | Territory of Illinois organizes (including present-day Wisconsin) |
| February 8 | Franz I of Austria declares war on France |
| February 11 | Robert Fulton patents steamboat |
| February 13 | French take Saragossa, Spain after a long siege |
| February 20 | Supreme Court rules federal government power greater than any state |
| March 1 | Embargo Act of 1807 repealed and Non-Intercourse Act signed |
| March 4 | Madison becomes 1st president inaugurated in American-made clothes |
| April 14 | Napoleon defeated Austria in the Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria |
| April 18 | 1st run of 2,000 guineas horse race at Newmarket England |
| April 20 | Napoleon I defeats Austria at Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria |
| April 22 | Battle at Eckmuhl - Napoleon beats Austria arch duke Karl |
| May 5 | Citizenship is denied to Jews of Canton of Aargau Switzerland |
| May 5 | Mary Kies is 1st woman issued a U.S. patent (weaving straw) |
| May 17 | Papal States annexed by France |
| May 21 | Battle at Aspern-Essling: Austrian arch duke Karl beats Napoleon |
| May 24 | Dartmoor Prison opens to house French prisoners of war |
| June 1 | Allardyce Barclay begins a bet of walking 1 mile every hour for 1,000 hours. Each hour he walked a mile round trip from his home |
| June 6 | Sweden declares independence, constitutional monarchy established |
| June 10 | 1st U.S. steamboat to a make an ocean voyage leaves New York for Philadelphia |
| July 27 | Battle at Talavera: British/Spanish army vs French army |
| July 30 | English invasion army lands in Walcheren |
| July 31 | 1st practical U.S. railroad track (wooden, for horse-drawn cars), Philadelphia |
| August 8 | 70 disciples of Gaon of Vilnus, arrive in Israel (Palestine) |
| August 10 | Ecuador declares independence from Spain (National Day) |
| September 18 | Royal Opera House in London opens |
| November 22 | Peregrine Williamson of Baltimore patents a steel pen |
| December 16 | Napoleon Bonaparte divorces Empress Josephine by French Senate |
| December 26 | English invasionary troop leaves Vlissingen |
| December 30 | Wearing masks at balls forbidden in Boston |
