January 2 Tsar Ivan the Terrible march to Novgorod begins January 4 Spanish viceroy Alva banishes Zutphen City's only physician, Joost Sweiter, "because he is a Jew" January 9 Tsar Ivan the terrible kills 1000-2000 residents of Novgorod January 23 Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, assassinated; civil war breaks out February 25 Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth, absolves her subjects from allegiance February 28 Anti-Portugese uprising on Ternate, Moluccas March 4 King Philip II bans foreign Dutch students April 14 Polish Calvinists/Lutherians/Hernhutters unify against Jesuits April 24 Battles between Spanish troops and followers of sultan Suleiman May 10 Czar Ivan IV becomes Protestant May 20 Egidius Coppens publishes Abraham Ortelius' "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum" May 22 1st atlas, with 70 maps, published July 25 Battle at Arnay-le-Duc Bourgundy: Huguenots-French government army August 8 Peace of Saint-Germain-and-Laye, more freedom for huguenots August 16 King Janos Sigismund Zapolyai signs secret treaty with Maximilian II November 1 Netherlands hit by flood disaster, 1,000s killed December 9 Geuzen under Herman de Ruyter occupies Loevestein December 13 Sweden/Denmark signs Peace of Stettin
